種植密度對(duì)烤煙葉片光合特性？葉綠素?zé)晒馓匦约爱a(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響

　　摘要
　　[目的]探索合理的烤煙群體結(jié)構(gòu)。[方法]在田間試驗(yàn)條件下，以烤煙品種龍江911為材料，研究種植密度對(duì)烤煙葉片光合特性、葉綠素?zé)晒馓匦约爱a(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。[結(jié)果]種植密度與凈光合速率、單葉重呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。隨著種植密度的降低，烤煙葉片的氣孔導(dǎo)度、光下最大熒光、實(shí)際光化學(xué)效率升高。種植密度為17 175株/hm2時(shí)的蒸騰速率、水分利用效率較高。種植密度為15 150株/hm2時(shí)的單葉重雖然最高，但上中等煙率降低了5.11～10.58個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，均價(jià)降低了0.88～0.99元/kg，產(chǎn)量降低了342～453 kg/hm2，產(chǎn)值下降了8 166～9 273元/hm2。種植密度為19 350株/hm2時(shí)的上等煙率、橘色煙率、產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值較高。[結(jié)論]降低種植密度可提高烤煙葉片的凈光合速率和單葉重，但種植密度過低將降低烤煙的產(chǎn)質(zhì)量。
　　關(guān)鍵詞種植密度；烤煙；光合特性；葉綠素?zé)晒馓匦?br>　　中圖分類號(hào)S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2014）06-01632-03
　　Abstract[Objective] The aim was to explore the reasonable group construction of fluecured tobacco. [Method] Taking the Longjiang 911 as the testing object， a field experiment was conducted to study the influence of different plant densities on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics， the chlorophyll fluorescence， the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco. [Result] The single leaf weight and net photosynthetic rate are significant negative correlation with the plant densities. With reduction of the plant density， the stomatal conductance of leaf of fluecured tobacco， the maximal fluorescence in the light， and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light increased correspondingly. Under the plant density of 17 175 plants per hectare， the leaf transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the best. When the plant density was 15 150 plants per hectare， the single leaf weight was the highest， but the superior and secondary leaves rate decreased 5.11%-10.58%， the average price reduced 0.88-0.99 CNY per kg， the yield went down 342-453 kg per hectare， and the production value lessened 8 166-9 273 CNY per hectare. Under the plant density of 19 350 plants per hectare， the superior leaves rate， the orange leaves rate， the yield and production value was superior. [Conclusion] It testifies that the net photosynthetic rate and single leaf weight increases with the decrease of planting density， while the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco will be reduced if the planting density is too low.
　　Key words Planting density； Fluecured tobacco； Photosynthetic characteristics； Chlorophyll fluorescence
　　種植密度是決定烤煙產(chǎn)量的一個(gè)重要的環(huán)境因素，種植密度的變化還直接反饋光合利用率、田間小氣候、田間通風(fēng)狀況等煙田環(huán)境，影響營(yíng)養(yǎng)分配、煙田群體與個(gè)體的關(guān)系，制約著煙田群體的生理生態(tài)特性，從而影響煙葉品質(zhì)的形成[1]。烤煙葉片既是進(jìn)行光合作用又是儲(chǔ)存光合產(chǎn)物的主要器官，且收獲葉片是烤煙種植的主要目的�？緹熓窍补庾魑铮�光照對(duì)烤煙的品質(zhì)有直接影響。種植密度是決定作物有效截光葉面積、影響群體光合效能和田間微氣象的主要因素之一，種植密度的變化會(huì)影響作物的質(zhì)量與產(chǎn)量[2]。長(zhǎng)期以來，國(guó)內(nèi)外進(jìn)行了全面而系統(tǒng)的針對(duì)種植密度和煙草光合特性的相關(guān)研究[3]，但在東北地區(qū)針對(duì)龍江特色煙葉品種不同種植密度下烤煙光合和熒光生理指標(biāo)、葉綠素相對(duì)含量以及主要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的變化的相關(guān)研究還鮮見報(bào)道。為此，筆者開展該研究，旨在探索合理的烤煙群體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，為龍江911烤煙的生產(chǎn)提供參考。
　　1材料與方法
　　1.3.3

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：光合 葉綠素 烤煙 葉片 熒光