[以儒家思想提升青少年道德素質(zhì)] 儒家思想的特點是什么

　　 　　“子曰：君子懷德，小人懷土；君子懷刑，小人懷惠”； “子曰：德之不修，學之不講，聞義不能徙，不善不能改，是吾憂也”……每天晨讀課上，曲阜市的中小學校傳來朗朗的誦讀孔子詩文的聲音，這是曲阜市加強中小學生思想道德教育的一項重要內(nèi)容。
　　與曲阜人接觸，不論大人小孩都能來上幾句《論語》。在曲阜的主要街道上，隨處可見《論語》釋義、名人名言的內(nèi)容，受儒家文化的熏陶，曲阜人對思想道德有著較高的標準。
　　
　　營造優(yōu)美的環(huán)境
　　
　　走進曲阜，一股文明之風撲面而來，曲阜市為了加強青少年的思想道德教育，加大了人力、財力、智力的投入，建成了曲阜大成路道德長廊、春秋路科普畫廊、鼓樓大街名言一條街，內(nèi)容定期更換，營造了優(yōu)美的環(huán)境。在道德長廊邊上，曲阜師范附屬小學3年級的學生尹逸帆說：“每天放學后在這里看看，學到了很多的東西，很長見識�！毕襁@樣每天利用放學后等家長的時間，都會看到成群結隊的中小學生駐足觀看。在教室、在走廊，處處都可見到“見賢思其焉，見不賢而內(nèi)自省也”、“三人行必有我?guī)熝�，擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之”、“在外國人面前我代表中國，在中國人面前我代表曲阜”等警句，使學生在日常生活中受到教育和熏陶。
　　曲阜對網(wǎng)吧也進行了全面整頓，取締了不規(guī)范的網(wǎng)吧。如今網(wǎng)吧里未成年人的身影消失了，老師和家長的心里塌實了。
　　“未成年人思想道德建設能否抓實抓好，關鍵在于社會環(huán)境的影響，必須提高全體公民的道德素質(zhì)�！敝泄睬�阜市市委書記張術平如是說。
　　
　　汲取傳統(tǒng)文化的精華
　　
　　1988年，75位諾貝爾獎金獲得者在巴黎宣言：“人類要在21世紀生存下去，必須回首2500年前，從孔子那里尋找智慧�！奔橙�傳統(tǒng)文化的經(jīng)典和精華，是曲阜市加強青少年思想道德教育采取的有效方法。學生們?nèi)辗e月累誦讀古文，不僅提高了語言表達能力和寫作水平，而且感悟了人文情思的真諦和如何做人處世。
　　為了更好地開展誦讀古詩文的教育活動，曲阜市開展了“和樂教育”，就是將孔子的教育思想精華與國內(nèi)外先進教育理論融為一體，運用整體優(yōu)化的思維方法和工作方法，努力創(chuàng)建寬松和諧的育人環(huán)境，通過樂教樂學，促進學生全面和諧地發(fā)展。“和”是孔子儒學思想的核心，是指對一些思想、行為采取融合、調(diào)和、有機結合的觀點；“樂”則是達到“和”這一境界而運用的具體手段。1996年8月，曲阜市的“和樂教育”被批準為山東省教育科學規(guī)劃“九五”重點課題。曲阜市實驗小學的校長馬憲余說：“和樂教育汲取了孔子教育思想的精華，具有鮮明的民族特色，潛移默化地提高了學生的思想道德素質(zhì)�！�
　　為加強對學生古詩文的學習，曲阜市還精選古代哲圣經(jīng)典與詩詞散文，編輯了《中華古詩文經(jīng)典讀本》及《論語》釋義讀本，裝幀考究的《讀本》成為學習傳統(tǒng)文化、提升道德修養(yǎng)的饕餮大餐，而抑揚頓挫的誦讀則成為少年兒童中最儒雅的時尚。自開展誦讀經(jīng)典古詩文以來，該市300余所中小學校中先后有16萬名中小學生參加誦讀，并從中受益。2003年全市中小學生畢業(yè)合格率為100%，優(yōu)秀率為85%。
　　曲阜市還充分利用“孔子故居”全國百家愛國主義教育基地，對學生進行傳統(tǒng)美德教育，并先后建起了147個道德教育基地和185個道德教育室，組織中小學生參觀學習，使學生們在參觀的同時感受中華傳統(tǒng)文化的魅力。他們努力把這個品牌轉(zhuǎn)化為未成年人道德教育的優(yōu)勢，充分發(fā)揮百余個愛國教育基地的載體作用，使青少年道德教育做到了有形化。在孔子故居感悟其素樸的生平，去孔子研究院體味儒家思想的博大精深，游論語碑苑領略國粹藝術，到六藝城里修習“六藝”的樂趣……教育基地激起了廣大少年兒童愛祖國愛家鄉(xiāng)的熱情，成為他們接受德育的第二課堂。曲阜用“請進來，走出去”的形式讓學生了解異國他鄉(xiāng)文化，組織中學生到美國、日本等國家交流學習，邀請國外的中小學生來曲阜交流文化。
　　
　　培養(yǎng)良好的習性
　　
　　曲阜市為培養(yǎng)青少年有一個良好的習性，2002年開展了“公民道德教育年”活動，從領導做起，從大人做起，從身邊做起，為青少年做出榜樣。同時組織學生投身于“公民道德教育”活動之中，推出了“小公民”社會道德行為“五小”（小幫手、小標兵、小伙伴、小衛(wèi)士、小主人）行動，學生們親身實踐了自身的價值，體驗哲理意蘊的真善美。
　　切身的教育換來孩子們的自覺行動，每到周末，曲阜一中的學生幾個人一組，早早起來，帶著小竹簍、鐵夾子來到大沂河公園“護綠”，撿拾廢紙、方便袋、飲料瓶，還要勸說不自覺的游人不要踐踏草坪，認真勁絲毫不比園林工人遜色；在與新修復的明故城墻毗鄰的書院街小學，學生們一字排開，干勁十足地在城墻角清理衛(wèi)生；書院街道官村小學的學生邊回收廢舊電池，邊宣傳環(huán)保知識；時莊鎮(zhèn)的少先隊員則來到敬老院為老人們疊被褥，洗衣服……
　　“學完，看完，感悟完，更要親自去做一做。”曲阜團市委書記顏凱說：“只有在實踐中才能使未成年人的思想道德水平得到升華。”
　　
　　V isiting Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, one discovers that many residents here - both adults and children Ñ can recite passages from The Analects by Confucius. While strolling around the downtown areas of Qufu, one can see many explanatory texts regarding The Analects and much wisdom quoted from it. Nurtured in the Confucian culture, the people of Qufu have a high level of ideology and morality.
　　With a view toward strengthening the ideological and moral education of young people, Qufu City has increased its investment in academic personnel, funding, and intelligence. Some special venues have been constructed, such as the Moral Corridor at Dacheng Road, the Popular Science Gallery at Chunqiu Road, and Wisdom Way on Gulou Street. Through periodically changing the various displays at these venues, Qufu strives to create a pleasant environment for the people.
　　In the classrooms and in the hallways, in fact, wherever you go in the schools in Qufu, you can see mottos, such as these: “In the presence of a good man, think all the time how you may learn to equal him. In the presence of a bad man, turn your gaze within!” “Even walking in a party of no more than three, I can always be certain of learning from those I am with. There will be good qualities that I can select for imitation and bad ones that will teach me what requires correction in myself.” “In front of a foreigner, I stand for China; in front of a Chinese, I stand for Qufu.” All these exert influence on the daily life of the students.
　　In 1988, some Nobel Prize winners gathered in Paris and made a declaration, asserting, “If human beings wish to survive in the 21st century, we must look back some 2540 years to understand the wisdom of Confucius.” Drawing the essence from traditional Confucian culture is the effective method Qufu has adopted to strengthen the ideological and moral education of young people. Through the memorization and recitation of classical prose, students can not only promote their ability of language expression and writing level, but also can learn how to correctly behave in society.
　　In order to launch the movement to recite classical poems and prose among students, Qufu has developed a special program entitled “Education for Peace and Happiness,” which aims to integrate the essence of Confucian thought with present-day advanced education theories to create a relaxing and harmonious educational environment for students. Through happy study and happy teaching, it is anticipated that the full-fledged development of the students can be realized. “Peace” is the core of Confucianism thinking, while “Happiness” is the means to attain the goal of “peace.”
　　Moreover, availing itself of its unique historical status as Confucius’ hometown, which is a national base for patriotic education, Qufu vigorously develops education of traditional moral merits among its students. One after another, Qufu has set up 147 moral education bases and 185 moral education halls. Through organizing student visits to these locations, Qufu encourages young people to feel the charm of traditional Chinese culture by themselves.
　　At the former residence of Confucius, students can experience the simple living of Confucius; at the Confucian Research Institute, they can learn the erudite thinking of Confucianism; by visiting the Tablet Garden of The Analects, they can appreciate traditional Chinese calligraphy; and at the Six Arts City, they can enjoy the fun of the Six Arts proposed by Confucius, who once commented that scholars should “Seek diversion in the arts.”
　　All these encourage the patriotic enthusiasm of the students, making these venues their second set of classrooms. Meanwhile, in order for students to have a full understanding of other, diverse overseas cultures, Qufu organizes delegations of students to visit such countries as the United States and Japan, and also invites students of these countries to visit Qufu.
　　In order to cultivate good habits among youngsters, Qufu launched a movement entitled “Education Year of Public Morality” in 2002. The point of this was to encourage adults to accept public responsibility for themselves, thereby setting good examples for young people. Meanwhile, the students were encouraged to do everything according to high moral standards.

相關熱詞搜索：青少年 道德素質(zhì) 儒家思想 以儒家思想提升青少年道德素質(zhì) 儒家道德思想有哪些 儒家道德觀