濟南胡同 濟南胡同里的spring

　　泉的英譯為spring。spring在英文里還有一個含義:春天。應(yīng)該感謝上個世紀三十年代的倪錫英,是他給了濟南一個澄澈明凈的譽稱:泉城――按照英文字面,也可以理解為春之城。
　　“家家泉水,戶戶垂楊”,這是劉鐵云在《老殘游記》中對濟南的描繪。濟南人真是有福氣,家家有泉水,家家就都有一個春天;戶戶皆垂楊,戶戶就都會春意蕩漾。應(yīng)該這樣說,濟南的每一條胡同、每一條街巷,一年四季都是春天的。
　　王府池子街可以說是典型的濟南胡同,長不過百余米,寬不足六尺。人們走在這條小街上,不僅會感受到一種大都市難得的寧靜,也會感受到一種極強的親和力。它的淡雅、洗練、溫馨、和諧,令人流連忘返。這條胡同是因街西側(cè)有著名的王府池子而得名。
　　這么幽雅卓美的去處,自然引起了歷史上那些達官顯貴的垂涎。金末元初,山東行尚書省兼兵馬都元帥、知濟南府事張榮開始選擇灰泉、珍珠泉一帶修建府第,始為私人宅第。從那時起,濟南人把這里稱為“張舍人園子”,一叫就是多少年。后來,張榮的孫子、元大都督張宏又在王府池子池畔修建了一座巍巍壯觀的“白云樓”。登樓遠眺,全城景物,歷歷在目;尤其雪后,憑欄尋望,晴光四野,綺麗景色,令人嘆為觀止。因此有了“歷下八景”中的一景:“白云雪霽”。清人范炯曾寫詩并注云:“王府池即濯纓湖,白云樓在其上�！�
　　明代成化年間,德王朱見?以張舍人園子改建德王府,遂將灰泉之名改為濯纓湖。清兵攻占濟南后,廢德王府改名巡撫衙署,將濯纓湖隔在墻外。據(jù)記載,過去濯纓湖中還有一沙渚,當?shù)厝硕嘤诖藫启~蝦,故名“撈蝦渚”。清初的山東巡撫李樹德于沙渚中央建有一亭,人稱“王府池新亭”。其亭造型玲瓏,彩繪秀美,欄桿精雕,多飾“亞”字圖樣。亭周繞以回廊,廊接虹橋,景象萬千。由于這里景色秀麗,世人以唐朝詩人王維的“輞川別業(yè)”喻稱之。民間因該湖原屬于王府,故稱之為“王府池子”。后來湖邊土山多被夷平,建起許多民居,湖水面積不斷縮小,終成為今日僅畝余的一方池水。
　　王府池子街的北段原名魏家胡同,是上世紀六十年代合并到王府池子街的。街北口路東墻根下,有騰蛟泉,泉池雖小但極方整,墻上有泉名刻石,十分醒目。濯纓泉和騰蛟泉皆為濟南七十二名泉之一,一條胡同得占兩泉,更為該街增色不少。
　　王府池子原來是王爺?shù)膱@池,如今隱藏在曲曲折折的老街舊巷里,終于屬于民間了。如今走在這條胡同里,青石板鋪就的街道、潺潺的流水,簡單的石板橋、古色古香的對聯(lián),一不小心跳出來的泉眼,讓你真的懷疑自己來到了江南――王府池子是一幅悠然的畫,小橋、流水、人家、寫生的學生、游泳的老老少少;清凈溫婉的氛圍,濃厚韻味的文化,垂柳倒映入清澈的河水中,王府池子這幅清凈悠然的畫將永遠印刻在我們心中。
　　離王府池子幾步之遙,有一條芙蓉街。小時候總覺得這條街是以芙蓉花命名的,后來才知道該街是以街上的芙蓉泉而得名。而且,這一條長長的胡同里,從南到北竟有三處泉水均以“芙蓉”命名。過去,胡同北段路東的古芙蓉泉畔,除建有關(guān)帝廟外,還建有芙蓉館一座,專供外地來濟的文人雅士客居。清代詩人董蕓就在這兒寫過一首《芙蓉泉寓居》,詩中也描繪了芙蓉泉畔的優(yōu)美景色:“老屋蒼苔半畝居,石梁浮動上游魚。一池新綠芙蓉水,矮幾花陰坐著書�！睆脑娭小败饺亍�、“花陰”可以證明這泉肯定是掩映在芙蓉的紅花綠葉之中的。
　　古時候,在舜井旁的胡同里,有一處泉眼,名叫香泉,如今已沒。但從古人的詩句中,仍可讓人領(lǐng)略到香泉的春日景色:“虞帝祠前春草芳,石池漾漾碧泉香。源頭活水思波遠,萬頃坡田擺柳黃�！边^去,一到春日,舜祠周邊春草茂密,其芬芳之味與香泉的清冽水汽融合在一起,便有了沁人心脾的香氣。
　　明代有個詩人晏壁寫過一首詩:“金線池邊楊柳青,泉分石竇曉泠泠。東風三月飄香絮,一夜隨波化綠萍�！惫饪磧�(nèi)容,這首詩的名字應(yīng)該叫做《詠春》,其實這首詩叫做《柳絮泉》。柳絮泉,得名于“泉沫紛翻,如絮飛舞”。一年四季,那一泉翻飛的“柳絮”都會撩得人心發(fā)癢,如臨春境,仿佛看到“東風作絮糝春衣”的蓬勃氣象。
　　濟南的大小胡同里到處都是汩汩泉眼,來一次你是看不夠的。一位老詩人曾經(jīng)寫道:借問濟南多少泉,請數(shù)一數(shù)濟南人的眼睛。你貪婪地看過它們后,靜靜地閉上眼睛,就會沉醉的。
　　
　　“Quan” is equivalent to “spring” in English. It also refers to “spring season”. We should thank Ni Xiying for he gave Jinan such a bright and clean name in the 1930s: the City of Springs―which can be understood as the city of spring season as well.
　　Liu Tieyun (a famous writer in the Qing Dynasty) described Jinan in The Travels of Laocan as a place where there were “springs and weeping willows in every family”. Jinan people are so fortunate that their courtyards are bubbling with spring water and weeping with willows, which retains the spring season everywhere all year round. It can be said that every alley and street in Jinan retains the season of spring all year round.
　　Wangfu Pool Street is a typical Jinan alley, about 100m in length and 2m in width. When walking on the street, you will feel not only the quiet rarely achieved in big cities but also a kind of affinity. The elegant, neat, warm and harmonious street will make you linger on. The alley is named after the Wangfu Pool to the west side of the street.
　　Lotus Street is a few steps away from the Wangfu Pool. In my childhood I always thought it was named after the lotus, but later I learned that it was named after the Lotus Spring on the street. Moreover, there are three springs from south to north in the long alley, all of which are named after “Lotus”. In the past, in addition to the Guandi Temple constructed besides the old Lotus Spring on the east side of the north section, there stood a Lotus Hotel, specially used to accommodate those refined scholars arriving in Jinan. Dong Yun, a poet in the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644～1911), wrote a poem here called Lodging besides the Lotus Spring. The poem describes the beautiful scenery of the Lotus Spring and its surroundings as “Living in the old house growing with green moss, enjoying the swimming golden fishes carved on the stone beam, I am engaged in writing sitting in the flowery shade, facing the green and clear Lotus Spring water.” The “l(fā)otus” and “flowery shade” indicate that the spring is set among red blossoms and green leaves.
　　In ancient times, in the alley next to Shunjing was a spring called Xiang (Fragrant) Spring that has disappeared today. However, we can still enjoy the beautiful spring scenery of the Xiang Spring from the poetry of ancient people: “In front of the Emperor Yu’s Temple are growing green grasses which give sweet smell; the spring water is rippled by the breeze in the stone pool; the water can be easily renewed for it has a living source; green willow trees growing in large area are weeping and swaying”. In the past, when spring came, vigorous grass grew surrounding the Shun Temple. The sweet smell blending with the cool water vapor of the Xiang Spring, made people refreshed.
　　Yan Bi, a poet of the Ming Dynasty (A.D.1368～1644), once wrote a poem: “Green willows sway besides the Jinxian (Golden Thread) Spring; the spring water flowing on the stone is cool and refreshing; it is blown flying in the air by the spring breeze, just like the fluttering willow catkins, and falls back quickly into the spring full of duckweed.” From the content we thought that the poem must be named Chant of Spring. In fact, it is called Liuxu (Willow Catkin) Spring because “the foam of spring dancing cheerfully is just like the dancing willow catkins”. Throughout the year, the dancing “catkins” of the spring water will stimulate people’s sightseeing interest. You will feel as if you were in a vigorous spring scene of “the spring breeze helps the growth of willow catkin, a sign of spring.”
　　Gurgling springs are scattered everywhere in the alleys in Jinan. One visit is not enough. An old poet once wrote: “If you want to learn how many springs in Jinan, please count the eyes of Jinan people. After appreciating the springs in Jinan, you will find pleasure even close your eyes.”

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