¡˹mcЖ|M(jn)

        l(f)r(sh)g:2020-06-19 Դ: ĬЦԒ c(din)

        [Ҫ]˹mٳ@һǰӰЖ|Ƅğ@ƺӡC}ϵġЖ|ՓȻ˹mcP(gun)ϵǽY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻߌP(gun)ϵij˹m໥(gu)ĹеĔ^˹mķҰD(zhun)ʹͬɄeđB(ti)ȳF(xin)˹mhɑB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃ҲM(jn)

        [P(gun)I~]˹m
        Ж|
        ˹m

        911Ж|؅^(q)ɞ(do)ķ֑(zhn)Ҫ(ni)ݡˑ(zhn)ּƄЖ|M(jn)̵ġЖ|hЖ|ɞýw͌W(xu)VP(gun)עĆ}˹˿ռ(sh)Ж|˹mңڽаl(f)]epص@һ؅^(q)׃挦Ć}˹m̼ĻcP(gun)ϵ؄e˹mcP(gun)ϵĔM˹mM(jn)̵Ӱ푽Ƕ\(yn)ý(gu)xP(gun)Փ̽ӑЖ|M(jn)̵ǰ

        һ˹mcP(gun)ϵ

        1974l(f)uһ˳ϯ˚Wޡ̇Һϵĺڷއ1974Y(ji)(d)ú15g(qun)ښW޺30(g)ȡ(qun)(qun)l(f)(qun)(qun)֮µĴҎ(gu)ģɻ\(yn)[1]ΌW(xu)Һ͢D@\(yn)ӷQ顰˳@˳ͬĻćҌ(sh)F(xin)ʾˬF(xin)ƶȵm

        ˳Ҳl(f)ΌW(xu)猦ͬĻcP(gun)ϵо͢Dڿ˸NĻcķeO“(lin)ϵNĻųǣ½̡|˹m̺ͺڷĻ҇W(xu)߅J(rn)飺˹mĻͺڷĻcķeO“(lin)ϵ@һc(din)ў˳Œ(sh)C(qun)x(qun)y(tng)ľҪϵĺڷ޺͡Ж|˹m̡؅^(q)90rڷĻcķeO“(lin)ϵҲS^˹mĻ[2]

        ˳ĻԲM(jn)̵P(gun)I׃׃ǸĬF(xin)M(jn)̡ڵ˳֌ٲͬĻćڬF(xin)M(jn)̵Ƅڌ(sh)F(xin)fĻM(jn)ֻ𵽸A(y)׃ƄӻKM(jn)x·ƶȲͬĻԣĻزܛQһܷ·Kƶȡ̺͖|cP(gun)ϵ܉C@һc(din)ֱo(j)70̺͖|Ļ߀J(rn)DzĿwϿ1974-1989D(zhun)ćķ֮̇[3]̕ɬF(xin)ķ׃Ҫ׃ɓo(h)(qun)׃@һD(zhun)׃һ(g)شάF(xin)[4](sh)F(xin)^ŷرĻǃ(ni)ڵأh(yun)ط[5]M(jn)80ĩ90̵һ֧|̇Ҳ(sh)F(xin)^

        һNƶȣ˹mҁfDzƷc|ĻP(gun)ϵ˹m̂y(tng)Ļԡ׃ľLԲKЖ|ĸԭ˹mЖ|M(jn)ֻͬ׃á(do)Ж|˹mδѸ·һ(g)ҪԭĻ@һA(y)׃F(xin)^(qing)ĶM(jn)Ж|˹mĻcF(xin)֮g^ďF(xin)鏊(qing)ҵČ@һ؅^(q)Ļ׃Ҫ挦˹m̺P(gun)ϵ}˹mǷ҇W(xu)”J(rn)ăr(ji)ֵ^͚vʷ^˹mc֮gһN_P(gun)ϵ˹m̼Á֧ijЩ֕鷴هԴڵĻA(ch)ֵ֧ij̶ΣҪȡQ˹mȡQͬ˹m̰l(f)P(gun)ϵ(jng)(j)έh(hun)˹m̃r(ji)ֵ^ͨ^ӰΡ(jng)(j)Ļȷӏ(qing)`M(jn)̡˹m̱һ(g)(d)׃ȲֹҲ֧ǰЖ|˹mҵM(jn)˹mֱ̲ҲΩһQԵӰء

        Ж|ƺCcЖ|˹mұĻgڽY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻSW(xu)ߓ(j)J(rn)Ж|˹mco@NʧƫHġЖ|ՓMiddle-Eastern Exceptionalismc˹mĻP(gun)ϵ挍(sh)ӳԴ˹mĻe(cu)X˹mĻJ(rn)Rʧںκƫ(zh)ж˹m̱|(zh)ǷЖ|ҵ˹mx߄tJ(rn)˹mҲҪM(jn)?yn)˹m粻ĬF(xin)ȱɵ˹mƫx˹mɵ˹m@һwϵ(sh)F(xin)˹mҵƶڴJ(rn)R£scԁֳxo˹m玧ķNNʹཛ(jng)v“(lin)ϵȻƔ\

        ˹mһԪ˼Sʽʹ䌦ԵƶȺĻ^źäĿ^ߌČ(sh)|(zh)ǃɷNKY(ji)xČpJ(rn)Լƶvʷ(yu)ԽƶȣǡvʷĽKY(ji)@NP(gun)ϵʽͨ^pħ(gu)ĔJ(rn)֪(do)µЖ|İYY(ji)˹m@}a(chn)Ĺ^ĔDZ^ʧJ(rn)˹mcgY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻ

        ˹mcЖ|M(jn)̵P(gun)ϵ

        Lڵę(qun)xy(tng)ʹЖ|˹mқ]xķh[6]˹mhɳɞŒ(sh)ϵηͬr(sh)ه˹m҅sǷ˹m@ʹЖ|(qun)x(qun)Ҷ횿]ĽY(ji)˹mܳɞM(jn)̵ߡЖ|˹mǰē(dn)nӰƄЖ|ğЖ|(qun)x(qun)t(dn)ĸĽY(ji)nj(qun)׌c˹m˾ܽ^鑪(yng)ҪЖ|(qun)x(qun)(qing){(dio)ĻԺͲֲ(j)˷J(rn)F(xin)mʹ׵Ж|˹mLm(x)(qun)xy(tng)ηʽuy(tng)Ρ

        һNƶ׃woՓͻl(f)ʽ߀ǝuM(jn)ʽģ@һ׃wÓxЖ|˹mҵάF(xin)(sh)@ЩάF(xin)(sh)˹mеҪáЖ|˹m?gu)׺ܰl(f)ښWޚvʷϵ׻\(yn)ʹͨ^_׻ԭt˹mӰεҪo(j)20ʹ_׻ԭt˹mh80ͨ^xe_f˹m̵֮˹m̚vʷϏδM(jn)^ص׵ڽ̸ĸW׻·Ж|˹m?gu)׺]нbx@Ҳζ܌˹mųЖ|˹mҵM(jn)֮˹mcP(gun)ϵɞЖ|M(jn)̵ă(ni)׃

        W(xu)ߌ˹mͨ^ʽ_(zh)ηQ˹mٳhijack democracy˹mҵČW(xu)ߌQ顰˹m䌍(sh)^˹mٳĆ}Ϻ(bio)(zhn)κͨ^xe_(zh)ĺϷY(ji)M@һY(ji)ܲҵ˹mٳĸӳ˹mƫ(zh)J(rn)RҲxwF(xin)W(xu)J(rn)˹mM|(zh)϶Ƿ䶷·Dͨ^DZʽ̺һ˹m䌍(sh)ڰ˹ֵܕȡ˹m_ʼֻؽMW(xu)߼s˹J(rn)ģNͬģ˹mԭּx\(yn)Ӳܱsһ(g)FһKwҲܸ(j)һ(g)A(y)O(sh)ĆһĹʽ(zhn)Թr(ji)ؑ(yng)˹m̺˹m\(yn)ӲDZȻǷͷ[7]

        ˹mҪɄeđB(ti)ȴ^ɄecЖ|˹mM(jn)̵P(gun)ϵɚw{N

        1Zϣʽ(Jahiliyyah Paradigm)ZϣʽM(jn)˹mɄe£ِRx[8]Jihadi SalafiyyahՓͻ˹̹˹mx߰ëŵ䄓(chung)˹mxِx¡زԸM(jn)ķʽԏጺͰl(f)չ@һՓJ(rn)鮔(dng)ǰ˹mҵ(qun)Ƿ˹m̎c˹mʷǰġZϣƵĬF(xin)Zϣ횰l(f)ӡʥ(zhn)ƷF(xin)(qun)(sh)F(xin)Һ˹m(qun)Hakimiyyat Allah

        ˹mоķW(xu)ϣ˿y(tng)˹m„(w)˹P堖Gilles KepelJ(rn)飬19966I(lng)(do)ĽMɳ׺m܊Il(f)ӵuԓMĿ(bio)l(f)ӵ״u@uf˹mΓ·guerrilla routeʧ[9]ؽMȡ£ِRxMHȫ(gu)ɾ޴{ͬr(sh)(sh)F(xin)(qun)Ķѽ(jng)ʧ@ЩзɫʵĘO˽MѳɞHֶҪˣ䶷ҪǡΓ·Ϳֲxעֻy(tng)µİ^ʧҡfailed states͑(zhn)_չҎ(gu)ӡmȻ?ni)Ծ߂?gu)ֲuĿћ]аl(f)ӲݸAӸĶcl(f)Ⱥͨ^ʥ(zhn)Ʒѽ(qun)(qun)ҵĽKOĿ(bio)Y

        Zϣʽʧζ(qing)ҷġ£ِRxMoͨ^b˹mȡ(qun)˹m(qun)mȻؽM˹m粻֧ߺͬЖ|˹mKÅsʮ

        2غ͵ԭּxʽModerate Fundamentalist Paradigm

        o(j)70£ِRxM]Ж|˹mҊZ(qun)⵽(dng)ֵ(zhn)ҪɆT򱻾вK˹m(qun)ԇ(yn)ʹ˹mՓ͌(sh)`ܵ(zhn)@һ˹mMֻܰһҪ?jing)?w)غ͵ĸxٶȳɞ˹mĿǰ(sh)˹mhɶ@һʽаsȇ˹ֵܕĦxcl(f)չh@һʽĴ

        cZϣʽͬ@һʽҲڱصď(f)x(yn)(sh)˹m̷(qun)ͨ^Zȡ(qun)Ķ·J(rn)˹mͨ^״ŬɌ(sh)F(xin)LĿ(bio)oһͨ^P(yng)˹mº̓r(ji)ֵ^˹mr(ji)ֵ^ӰԌ(sh)F(xin)ɆTºО˹mͨ^uM(jn)ʽ׃(g)˹m

        غ͵ԭּxJ(rn)ͨ^ֶθֻ˹m;֮һJ(rn)˹m܉ѸيZ(qun)@ζԓɄec෴䅢Ҫʽͨ^xeȡhϯλИI(y)ȹMI(lng)(do)(qun)ԅcQӰݛՓ

        Zϣʽ͡غ͵ԭּxʽĽKO붼Ǟаʽģԭڶ߲ܷ塰ġthe desirable͡Ɍ(sh)F(xin)ġthe possibleą^(q)eغ͵ԭּxxЌ(sh)xɫˣmȻKOĿ(bio)nj(sh)F(xin)˹m̺һ˹m(qun)ڌ(sh)`ȻJ(rn)ͬƶeOc@(g)xvغ͵ԭּxЖ|˹mҵM(jn)һĴM(jn)ԓһͨ^xe_ǷЇ(yn)˹m̷Ɖ׻ԭtȡߵПoД?yn)߀]Мغ͵ԭּxhЖ|˹m҈(zh)(c(din)̎xһ)

        3x˹mʽLiberal Islamist Paradigm

        x˹mʽָŗ˽˹m(qun)˹mɄeՓԇD{(dio)x˹ṃڽܬF(xin)ͬr(sh)˹mɫƶȣm(yng)Ж|˹mҵĻcɷNʽԓʽ˞аx(w)(sh)ؿ˹mЖ|˹mеá

        @һʽ˹mhɲٹرصď(f)xxDŮڽ̳֜غ͑B(ti)˹ֵܕxİghHezibalWasatӼ{6̵Ŀ˺44DŮа漆˹֋DŮԼSxԓhI(lng)(do)˰RJ(rn)飺˹m̘OЄԵԭt˹m(ni)ڶNͶԪx(xing)[10]

        @h˹mֻǶֶĿġxeҪҘ(bio)˹mhͻڽݣxeжڽɫʝصĿ̖U(zh)AøxJ(rn)ͬ@Щֻ̖ǡxeZԡһ(zh)@ЩhoҲo⌍(sh)`@Щ̖ڽֻĸxߡ

        xcl(f)չh@һʽijɹ(sh)`2002ԓhxЫ@Ϊ(d)Mwԓh_δ˹mcxόo^(q)eHԓh߀eOƄW(zhn)Ҳoஔ(dng)̶ȵĺ

        x˹mʽh˹mɄecķeO“(lin)ϵ(qing)֧M(jn)̣(qun)xy(tng)څɞ酢ch@ЩhcxhɵIJeСڅӽЖ|˹mаl(f)]ҪácǰɷNʽ@һʽЖ|˹mҵάF(xin)(sh)څݣM(jn)һƄá@(g)xv˹mČ(sh)`(yng)ҕ˹mx̧^(yng)(dng)˹mcԻӵķeO

        ӰЖ|M(jn)̵ă(ni)

        1˹mķeO

        (zhn)ƄЖ|Ж|ߵĺģƳּڴM(jn)Ж|ġЖ|hͬr(sh)Ж|˹mҵxҲⲿh(hun)(qun)x(qun)l(f)(zhn)Ҫ@˳غ͵˹mxߺxһҪ˹ֵܕ20043º20053°l(f)˃ɷP(gun)ĸ•áf(xi)̣o(h)_Ҫ⵭佨˹mҵĿ(bio)[11]2005갣hxe˹ֵܕȡ88(g)ϯλռhϯλ(sh)20Hڈ(zh)h˹ֵܕ(dng)xhT߀̵ĿxeY(ji)˹ֵܕӖ(xn)(do)ºĬ¡Ȳʾ˹ֵܕ(zhn)c_չԒ[12]

        Mܡغ͵ԭּxδĽ˹mҵнų@һD(zhun)׃˹m협(yng)׃M(jn)Б(zhn){(dio)ķeOڅˣ˹mx˹mʽ^ǿܵ

        ˹mġZϣʽx˹mʽD(zhun)׃@ʾ˹muغͻڅʹ˹mϵKuD(zhun)׃?yu)˹mɫ˹mCivilIslamɞƄķeO

        ˹mW(xu)߇@˹mcP(gun)ϵչ_˼ҵĠՓ@Փ֧ČW(xu)ռ(j)(yu)oeOur(ji)簣̷W(xu)҃(yu)ظw_(d)SJ(rn)˹mo_ͻF(xin)ƶc˹m̷еġֹԭtʮֽӽ
        ˹ֵܕǰI(lng)(do)˰ϡ_¶(do)ՓɡxԭtJ(rn)顰ζ񱊅cQߣ
        K˹mxW(xu)߹DJ(rn)˹m\(yn)ӱȺ\(yn)[13]˹mW(xu)ߌJ(rn)ͬ˹mṩ˽̷ϵ(j)Ж|˹mҵM(jn)̡

        2˹mO

        Sغ͵˹mhɅxeҲN(yn)һL(fng)U(xin)һijЩ˹mhɅcζȫƶ@SֻĶЖ|^ȥʮΌ(sh)`C˹mhͨ^ȡ(qun)ѽ(jng)ƜάF(xin)(sh)ǰ@ЩhJ(rn)Rֻͨ^ػطʽլF(xin)еΑҎ(gu)twƃ(ni)ͨ^Ϸʽȡ(qun)܌(sh)F(xin)佨(qun)ĽKOĿ(bio)ֹxcl(f)չh˹mhδЖ|˹mͨ^xe(zh)˹mČ(sh)`mȻһ(g)ɹC˹mD(zhun)͡rB(ti)xy(tng)cҲᲢՓغ͵˹mhڈ(zh)Ƿ(ni)(sh)˹mзĿǰyA(y)ϣ
        ˹mhɱҲһɲ׃(ni)ҲڡM(jn)ɡ͡غɡĶ˹ml(f)չʷC˹mM(ni)l(f)M(jn)ɡ͡غɡķǡM(jn)ɡռ(j)(yu)غ͵˹mhҲܡM(jn)19921l(f)܊׃hxeY(ji)ȡ˺غ͵˹mꇾu׃?yu)鼤M(jn)M

        @(g)xvĴ_ڡ˹mٳĿܡHH@N(dn)Ķ˹mhųM(jn)֮Ж|M(jn)ؓ(f)Ӱ˹mh_Ȼ܌(do)ˡ׻ԭt⵽Ɖֹ͕(do)ʎˡ1991ꮔ(dng)˹mꇾڵطxeЫ@٣@hxe܊SxeoЧ˹mꇾI(lng)(do)(do)ԓm(x)(sh)ʎֲӲⱡĽӖ(xn)ԳɞЖ|˹m̎˹mhɅ}ϵǰ܇֮bͬӾf˹ֵܕȡĸ߉߰l(f)ِx¡زͰߺġ£ِRxOx˼Įa(chn)

        ӰЖ|M(jn)̵ⲿ

        Ж|˹mҙ(qun)xy(tng)εLھSֵⲿ׃Ж|ڇҪcһЩ(qun)x(qun)Y(ji)ˣĬS(qun)xͼy(tng)εĴԶ˹mİl(f)չڰԛ_ͻƫ̻ɫУ(do)°˹̹δ܌(sh)F(xin)(zhn)˹mʥɳذv܊Ж|߱M(jn)˹mɞɿӷwĹl(f)˹֏(qing)ҵıZкܺđB(ti)(yn)?f)pĵxʽĹŶʹP(yng)ՓCЖ|˹mҵıxЖ|߲HȫƏVɡġʹɞЖ|˹mϵK

        911J(rn)ȱɡЖ|؅^(q)ѳɞֲxĜشڇҰȫ⵽{r̙(qun)x(qun)Ж|m(x)mȻS֬F(xin)ʹЖ|(qun)ұַ(wn)@N(wn)OƏVڶڃ(ni)(do)Ж|ք݄ʎ@NʎǽO(sh)Եġ@NДƳЖ|h_ʼ{(dio)˹m@һ{(dio)wF(xin)څ^(q)eM(jn)ɡ͡غɡڴM(jn)ɡͬr(sh)cغɡ_չԒʾԽܜغ͵˹mhɈ(zh)20054ؓ(f)؟(z)˙(qun)̈́ڹ„(w)(w)˹ءڿeе˹mՓϱʾԸcͨ^xe_˹mxߺ[14](zhn)ܜغ͵˹mhɈ(zh)

        ˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃ں̶ܴϿ˷ˌ(do)Ж|}ʧZġCϰYAlgerianSyndromeʹЖ|(qun)x^m(x)(do)ķ֑(zhn)Ƈ(ni)˹mhĶ˹mhɅⲿϵKЖ|M(jn)̄(chung)ⲿh(hun)

        (dng)Ȼ@һ{(dio)ζŗˌЖ|˹mҙ(qun)x(qun)֧Ж|pؘ(bio)(zhn)ԌSߑTԡЖ|M(jn)̲ǸʽģǝuM(jn)ʽt횞Ąʎ߰ɱ@Ж|؅^(q)Ŀ(bio)Ж|(sh)F(xin)ɿmanageddemocracyԷֹ˹m_Ж|˹mγɡZơЧ(yng)(do)¾ʧK`ƄЖ|ijԡڴЖ|Y(ji)xhɈ(zh)

        Y(ji)Փ

        ˹m̲Ж|ĺ׃(yng)Ж|M(jn)̜w˹mĻ(gu)xHP(gun)ϵՓ̽ӑ˹m̌Ж|M(jn)̵Ӱṩһ(g)ȫҕԓՓJ(rn)Оwactor֮gP(gun)ϵОwĻӽ(gu)Оw֮gP(gun)ϵǹ̶׃^ОwԷֽⲢ@һP(gun)ϵ͹F(xin)Оw֮gP(gun)ϵĿ׃ԺM(jn)Ŀ˹m̺ČP(gun)ϵǽoОw໥(gu)γɵ^Y(ji)(gu)ȿɱ(gu)锳Ĺ^Ҳɱ(gu)CĹ^˹mĻcČP(gun)ϵͨ^Оw^D(zhun)׃Լ@ND(zhun)׃ОwԻ˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃p_ʼԻӵķeO˹m̲Ж|ĹϵKҌɞƄM(jn)̵ķeO

        עጣ

        [1][] ͢D20 o(j)˳܊gϺ“(lin)1998 棬21 

        [2]ƣ(dng)l(f)չЇǰ˼dƌW(xu)1998 6 79 퓡

        [3][] ͢D20 o(j)˳87 퓡

        [4]ͬ[1]88 

        [5]ͬ[1]115116 

        [6]һ(g)r(f)sƶǻ˹ֺͻͽ֙(qun)ĽM

        [7][]J. L. ˹У˹m{Ԓ߀ǬF(xin)(sh)|ԵgƌW(xu)īI(xin)1999 棬336 

        [8]g顰ʥ(zhn)x鮔(dng)ǰ˹mҵ(qun)Ƿ˹m̎c˹mʷǰġZϣƵĬF(xin)Zϣ횰l(f)ӡʥ(zhn)ƷF(xin)(qun)(sh)F(xin)Һ˹m(qun)HakimiyyatAllah

        [9]Gilles Kepel,The trail of political Islam,http://www.opendemocracy.net/content/articles/PDF/421.pdf.

        [10][]Ƞ ʩſˣgh˹mͶԪ http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-579/_nr-8/_p-1/i.html

        [11]@ɷ•Ҋ˹ֵܕW(wng)վhttp://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=5172&SectionID=356 http://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=11232&SectionID=0&Searching=1

        [12]uҕ_W(wng)վ ˹ֵܕ(zhn)cԒhttp://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3F50A457-8BC8-4EC1-89FB-831B87FD94D8.htm

        [13][]R _(d)ķ(dng)˹m˼еhttp://www.libyaforum.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1385&Itemid=41

        [14]U.S. Will Risk Middle East Reforms,http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/31ADB105-68FC-4BE8-BC40-90107F2678EF.htm.

        P(gun)~˹m Ж| M(jn) c

        c(din)x

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